Accurate true hydration, levain math, and recipe scaling for artisan bread bakers
Base flour (100% in Baker's percentages).
Baker's % of added water relative to base flour.
Typically 15% to 25% of base flour weight.
100% means equal parts flour and water by weight (standard liquid starter).
Standard is 1.8% to 2.2%.
Seeds, nuts, dried fruit, cheese, or olives (optional).
| Ingredient | Baker's % | Weight (g) |
|---|
| Flour Type | Protein Range | Beginner Hydration | Experienced / Open Crumb | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All-Purpose (Unbleached) | 10.5% - 11.5% | 65% - 68% | 70% - 72% | Softer dough, absorbs less liquid; higher hydration slackens quickly. |
| Strong Bread Flour | 12.5% - 14.0% | 68% - 72% | 75% - 82% | High gluten strength; excellent water absorption and oven spring. |
| Whole Wheat (Standard) | 13.0% - 14.5% | 75% - 80% | 82% - 90% | Bran absorbs significant moisture; requires higher hydration to prevent dense crumb. |
| Spelt / Einkorn | 12.0% - 14.0% | 62% - 66% | 68% - 72% | Extensible but fragile gluten structure; prone to spreading if over-hydrated. |
| Rye (Medium / Dark) | 9.0% - 11.0% | 75% - 85% | 85% - 100%+ | Contains pentosans instead of gluten network; dough will be sticky like clay. |